Frequency of dyslipidemias in diabetic patients at combined military hospital Multan

To determine the frequency of dyslipdemias in diabetic patients at Combined Military Hospital Multan. Cross sectional observational. Department of Medicine, Combined Military Hospital Multan from February 2007 to August 2007. Diabetic patients aged between 30-70 years of either gender and having diabetes for >5 years were included in the study. Patients with co-existent hypothyroidism, chronic renal failure, nephritic syndrome, familial hypercholesteremic syndromes, already on lipid lowering drugs, anti-hypertensive drugs, using beta blockers or thiazide diuretics, obese patients with BMI > 30 and those using alcohol were excluded. Blood samples after overnight 10 hours fasting were taken for plasma glucose, serum total cholesterol, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol and triglycerides. Frequency of dylipideamias was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences [SPSS] version 10. Mean age of 200 diabetic patients included in the study was 51 +/- 9.47 years [range 34-70 years] and male to female ratio of 1.21:1. Mean fasting plasma glucose levels of the diabetic patients was 8.2 +/- 2.2 mmol/L. Out of 200 patients, dyslipideamia was present in 163 [81.5%] patients. Hypertrglyceridemia was present in 150[75%] patients, raised LDL-cholesterol in 126 [63%] patients, decreased HDL-cholesterol in 119 [59.9%] patients, and raised levels of total cholesterol in 89 [44.5%] of the patients. Diabetic patients have a high frequency of dyslipidemias especially raised triglycerides, therefore lipid profile is to be checked routinely and its management be given equal importance in addition to glycemic control

Determination of glycosylated hemoglobin reference range in adult population attending a military care set up in Rawalpindi

To determine the glycosylated hemoglobin reference range in healthy adult population attending a military care setup in Rawalpindi in accordance with National Glycohemoglobin Standardization Program [NGSP] and International Federation of Clinical Chemistry [IFCC]. Descriptive cross-sectional study. Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Rawalpindi from May- Oct 2010. A total of 254 healthy adults [18-80 years] comprising 169 males and 85 females, were included by non probability consecutive sampling from Rawalpindi. History and clinical examination were carried out. Blood HbA1c was analyzed high performance liquid chromatography on biorad D-10. Data were analyzed by SPSS-17. Total 254 subjects consisting of 169 males and 85 females were recruited from Rawalpindi Pakistan. The reference range of total population was found 4.6-6.56% and 2.69-4.81 mmol/ mol in accordance with NGSP and IFCC, respectively. When compared in gender, HbA1c levels were not significantly changed. However, the healthy elderly population had higher HbA1c levels. Reference range for HbA1c based on NGSP in individuals <40 years was found 4.52-6.4% while for individuals aged > 40 years, it was 4.8-6.68%. The reference ranges for healthy individuals and the recommended values for optimal therapy in diabetic patients have to be revised and adjusted. Population based reference ranges should be established to provide better patient care services